Kruttschnitt,
Candace, Christopher Uggen, and Kelly Shelton. 2000. “Predictors of Desistance among Sex
Offenders: The Interaction of Formal and Informal Social Controls.” Justice Quarterly 17:61-87.
ABSTRACT
Increasing
attention is being drawn to the issue of desistance or cessation in adult
criminal careers. We contribute to this research by considering how informal
and formal social controls affect recidivism among 556 sex offenders placed on
probation in 1992. We conduct an event history analysis of reoffense, based on
the predictions of Sampson and Laub’s (1993) and Gottfredson and Hirschi’s (1990)
control theories. We build on these perspectives by examining how informal
social controls condition the effects of formal social controls generally and
across offense types. We find less recidivism among offenders with stable job
histories, particularly among those in court-ordered sex offender treatment.
The results add to both theoretical formulations concerning desistance and
recidivism and to policy formulations directed at rising prison populations.